Value-based pricing is determined by the customer's perceived value of the product or service, often allowing companies to charge higher prices based on customer willingness to pay.

Penetration pricing involves setting a low initial price to quickly attract a large customer base and gain market share.

Pricing decisions are influenced by various factors, including consumer demand, production costs, competition, market conditions, and legal regulations.

Price elasticity of demand indicates how much the quantity demanded of a product changes in response to a change in its price.

Psychological pricing takes into account the psychological factors that influence consumer behavior, such as perception of value and pricing thresholds.

Price skimming involves launching a product at a high price to maximize revenue from early adopters, then gradually reducing the price to attract more price-sensitive customers.

Regulatory factors can include laws and regulations that affect pricing practices, such as price controls, anti-price gouging laws, and competition regulations.

Intermediaries, such as wholesalers and retailers, help bridge the gap between producers and consumers, making it easier to distribute products.

Logistics support focuses on the planning, implementation, and control of the movement and storage of goods, ensuring that products reach consumers efficiently and effectively.

Retailing involves selling products directly to end consumers, whether through physical stores or online platforms.